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  InglesLegal | Week 1 — September 2026 Legal English Vocabulary: Essential Civil Litigation Terms Welcome back to IngLesLegal ! Each week we dig into the legal English you need to work confidently at an international firm. This week we open the month with twenty foundational civil litigation terms — the words you'll encounter in any complaint, answer, or judgment written in English. For each term, you'll find: the meaning, English synonyms, the corresponding Spanish term, the branches of law where it's most commonly used, and a real example. 1. Plaintiff Meaning: the person or party who initiates a lawsuit, alleging harm and seeking a remedy from the court. English synonyms: claimant (more common in the UK), complainant , petitioner (in certain proceedings). Spanish equivalent: demandante (also: actor , accionante , parte actora ). Law branches: civil law, procedural law, tort law, labor law. Example: "The plaintiff filed a complaint alleging b...

Podcast Companion — Episode 7: Breach of Contract

Pairs with InglésLegal Podcast, EP07

In contract law, not every failure is the same. Episode 7 covers Breach of Contract — the concept that triggers remedies, damages, and every litigation or settlement strategy that follows.

The Concept

A breach of contract occurs when a party fails to perform a contractual obligation without legal excuse. The analysis rests on four elements: the existence of a valid contract, performance by the non-breaching party, failure to perform by the breaching party, and resulting damages.

Not every breach justifies the same remedies — the severity of the failure determines the legal consequences. A breach focuses on conduct, not intent: a party can breach a contract with the best intentions in the world and still be liable.

Applied Example

A company agrees to deliver goods on a specific date. The delivery arrives late and without justification — that’s a breach of contract. The real legal question becomes whether the breach is material or minor, and what remedies are actually available as a result.

Key Expressions from This Episode

Non-performance
Meaning: the failure to carry out a contractual obligation.
Spanish equivalent: incumplimiento / inobservancia contractual

Damages
Meaning: the monetary remedy awarded to compensate the non-breaching party for loss.
Spanish equivalent: daños y perjuicios

Repudiation
Meaning: a clear statement or act indicating a party will not perform its obligations at all.
Spanish equivalent: repudio del contrato

Professional Tip

Before declaring a contract terminated, identify whether the breach is material or non-material, document the failure along with any formal notice of breach, and check whether the contract includes a cure period. Terminating without sufficient basis can expose the “wronged” party to liability for wrongful termination — turning a strong position into a weak one overnight.

Why It Matters

Breach of contract is the starting point of the analysis, not the end of it. Every contract dispute eventually asks the same follow-up questions: how serious was the failure, what remedy fits it, and what risk comes with acting on it. Getting comfortable with that structure is foundational to reading — and drafting — enforceable agreements.


For the full discussion, including a breach-and-cure clause, listen to Episode 7 — Breach of Contract — on the InglésLegal podcast.

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